{
  "contract": "aesthetary.record/1.0",
  "record_spec": "1.1.0",
  "semantics": {
    "vocabulary": "aesthetary.public-evidence/1.0",
    "definitions": "vocabulary.json"
  },
  "slug": "victorian",
  "name": "Victorian",
  "identity": {
    "definition": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "Victorian is a period label for Queen Victoria's reign (1837–1901); as an Aesthetic it names the nineteenth-century jobbing and display-printing strand: letterpress posters and handbills set in many contrasting display types (wood and metal, some introduced before the reign), stacked to fill the sheet, often in black ink on white paper. Reading that mixing as a governing rule of the look is Aesthetary's reading."
    },
    "scope": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "The visual register of nineteenth-century jobbing and display printing under the Victorian name: wood-type display faces and heavy ornament. Its letterforms predate the 1837 reign; the face-mixing rules are Aesthetary's reading.",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "ornamental",
      "wood type",
      "high Victorian",
      "letterpress Victorian"
    ],
    "layer_verdict": {
      "state": "ruled",
      "value": "umbrella_or_family",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    }
  },
  "native_medium": {
    "state": "resolved",
    "value": [
      "print"
    ],
    "evidence": {
      "quote": "letterpress",
      "field": "register_context[kind=medium]"
    },
    "ruling": "AM2-1 (2026-09-27)"
  },
  "research": {
    "line": "partly_sourced",
    "text": "Partly sourced",
    "sentence": "8 sources attached. 1 claim graded by our research brief, no source attached."
  },
  "areas": [
    {
      "area": "layout",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "typography",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "color",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "imagery",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "surface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "interface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motion",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motif",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "technique",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "form",
      "state": "owed",
      "owed": "research",
      "why": "No source has been examined for this yet."
    },
    {
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "density",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "layout-3",
      "text": "Composition: centred lines, rule-divided bands.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "layout",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "typography-4",
      "text": "Typography: token rule: wood type, relief manufacture.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "hierarchy-13",
      "text": "is SUPPORTED and worth stating: rank changes per line, carried by a face change and a size change together. Not a scale ramp — a sequence of independent decisions.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "density-6",
      "text": "Density: *\"typographic density from hot-metal economics\"*.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "density",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [
          "mass-01:victorian:WP_WOODTYPE"
        ],
        "contested": true
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "mark": "disputed",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry · disputed"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "imagery-7",
      "text": "Imagery: engraved illustration.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8",
      "text": "Form / motif / surface / technique: fleurons, rules, relief impression.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "vi-r1",
      "text": "Type variety comes from inventory, not from a coordinated family. Faces on one page do not agree because they were never chosen to agree; a page mixing weights of one superfamily is a modern pastiche.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "graded_unlinked",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "graded",
        "mark": "none",
        "text": "Graded by our research brief · No source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent",
      "text": "A jobbing printer owns a case of types and must fill a page with what is in the shop. Variety comes from inventory rather than intention, and every line is set in whatever face best fits the measure and the emphasis it needs.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited_unverified",
        "for": [
          "held:victorian:7f21ec1232"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-1",
      "text": "No single typeface family.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-2",
      "text": "No generous whitespace.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-3",
      "text": "No modern hierarchy ramp.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-4",
      "text": "No photography.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-5",
      "text": "No colour beyond limited ink on stock.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-6",
      "text": "Against Neo-Baroque: accumulation versus designed ornament. Against Apothecary: many faces versus few, precise. Anti-signature: using a coordinated superfamily makes it pastiche. Adding whitespace for elegance makes it Neo-Baroque.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-7",
      "text": "Not open: unifying the type.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-8",
      "text": "Not open: opening the density..",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-negation",
      "text": "Refuses a single unifying typeface, and refuses whitespace that could be carrying another line of copy.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited_unverified",
        "for": [
          "held:victorian:7f21ec1232"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-cost",
      "text": "Costs accepted: Coherence; Restraint; Any notion of a type system",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited_unverified",
        "for": [
          "held:victorian:7f21ec1232"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-audience",
      "text": "Audience: A 19th-century reader for whom typographic variety signals a well-equipped and therefore reputable printer.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited_unverified",
        "for": [
          "held:victorian:7f21ec1232"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gestalt-boundary",
      "text": "Against Neo-Baroque: accumulation versus designed ornament. Against Apothecary: many faces versus few, precise. Anti-signature: using a coordinated superfamily makes it pastiche. Adding whitespace for elegance makes it Neo-Baroque.",
      "role": "boundary",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-distinguishing",
      "text": "Typographic density from hot-metal economics; many faces, one page",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [
          "mass-01:victorian:WP_WOODTYPE"
        ],
        "contested": true
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "mark": "disputed",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry · disputed"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-era",
      "text": "Era: 19th-century",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-mood",
      "text": "Mood: dramatic, nostalgic",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-cross-library",
      "text": "Cross-library: Imagery: engraving · Typography: wood type",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "typography-block",
      "text": "Typography: wood type; class wood_type; role display",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": "D0-3 C2 typo"
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.motif",
      "text": "Motif: fleurons, rules",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.technique",
      "text": "Technique: relief impression",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "technique",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "motion-reason",
      "text": "Letterpress does not move.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motion",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-1",
      "text": "The work is relief-printed: an inked raised surface (wood or metal type) pressed onto paper.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-2",
      "text": "In one rural English printer's archive (1885–1904), the vast majority of work is black ink on white paper, the most cost-effective approach, with occasional coloured paper.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Evidence is one rural English printer's archive, 1885-1904; the author states the approach was commonplace across the UK."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-3",
      "text": "Coloured ink, when used, is limited (red and blue in the documented shop), one colour per press run.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "C. Armstrong/E. Pruddah collection, Hexham."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-4",
      "text": "Cheaper machine-made paper was one of the conditions that made large display printing possible.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-5",
      "text": "Traditional commercial letterpress aimed at no visible impression in the paper; a deep debossed bite is a feature of the modern letterpress revival, not of the period trade.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S10"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Encyclopaedic support only; not specific to Victorian jobbing work."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-6",
      "text": "The stained, torn, yellowed condition of surviving sheets is the result of survival, not of the original surface.",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-1",
      "text": "The documented output is flat single sheets (posters, handbills, playbills); the only three-dimensional organisation found is folding, as in a playbill folded into four pages.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3",
          "kcc-victorian-S1",
          "kcc-victorian-S5"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Folded programmes are a later theatrical use of the playbill format, not jobbing posters."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:definition",
      "text": "Victorian is a period label for Queen Victoria's reign (1837–1901); as an Aesthetic it names the nineteenth-century jobbing and display-printing strand: letterpress posters and handbills set in many contrasting display types (wood and metal, some introduced before the reign), stacked to fill the sheet, often in black ink on white paper. Reading that mixing as a governing rule of the look is Aesthetary's reading.",
      "role": "definition",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S8",
          "kcc-victorian-S1",
          "kcc-victorian-S3",
          "kcc-victorian-S7",
          "kcc-victorian-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:color-from-surface-2",
      "text": "In one rural English printer's archive (1885–1904), the vast majority of work is black ink on white paper, the most cost-effective approach, with occasional coloured paper.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "color",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-victorian-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Evidence is one rural English printer's archive, 1885-1904; the author states the approach was commonplace across the UK."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:gestalt",
      "text": "Many contrasting display types on a single sheet, wood and metal faces at varying sizes stacked to fill it, relief-printed in black ink on white paper, now and then with one coloured ink in a run of its own. The diagnostic condition is inventory-driven variety: the faces do not agree because they were never chosen to agree, and a page that mixes faces from a coordinated family is a modern pastiche. Neo-Baroque is ornamental by design; this is ornamental by accumulation. Apothecary uses the same era's serifs but few of them, precisely.",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:definition",
        "kcc:surface-1",
        "kcc:surface-2",
        "kcc:surface-3",
        "kcc:surface-6",
        "vi-r1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "web_translations": [],
  "standard_practice": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "mass-01:victorian:WP_WOODTYPE",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Wood type",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_type",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "held:victorian:7f21ec1232",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Rob Roy Kelly American Wood Type Collection, UT Austin — 150+ letterpress display faces, 1828–1900, documenting decorated and large display type",
      "url": "https://rrk.finearts.utexas.edu/info/history/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S1",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "What is Wood Type?",
      "url": "https://rrk.finearts.utexas.edu/info/what-is-wood-type/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S10",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Letterpress printing",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letterpress_printing",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S3",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Archiving as a Tool for Rural Jobbing Printers in Late 1800s Great Britain Through the Lens of the C. Armstrong/E. Pruddah Collection",
      "url": "https://printinghistory.org/archiving-as-a-tool/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S5",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Play and playbill",
      "url": "https://eyemagazine.com/feature/article/play-and-playbill",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S6",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Wood type",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_type",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S7",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Fat face",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat_face",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-victorian-S8",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Victorian architecture",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_architecture",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "slug": "neo-baroque",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "art-nouveau",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "apothecary",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "steampunk",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "circus",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "engraving-etching",
      "kind": "uses_module",
      "status": "confirmed"
    }
  ],
  "open": [
    {
      "kind": "open_question",
      "question": "[disposition] Scope too broad; a 64-year period, not a visual language. Candidate split: Victorian Wood Type / High Victorian Ornament."
    },
    {
      "kind": "open_question",
      "question": "[architecture_question] Split into Victorian Wood Type / High Victorian Ornament before or after ingesting the authored letterpress intent? The intent is already written and is being held for this decision."
    },
    {
      "kind": "open_question",
      "question": "Module gap: A typography module for large decorated display faces cut in wood, 19th-century commercial lineage."
    },
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Is 'off-white stock' a period property or a reading of aged survivors?"
    },
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Should Victorian be split (Victorian Wood Type / High Victorian Ornament) per review-queue-18/57?"
    }
  ],
  "aesthetary_build": {
    "note": "Values Aesthetary built with. Not claims about the Aesthetic.",
    "measured": {
      "note": "Read from the page's own stylesheet at build time. Values Aesthetary built with, not claims about the Aesthetic.",
      "slug": "victorian",
      "stylesheet": "victorian.css",
      "bytes": 15230,
      "colours": [
        "#FFFFFF",
        "#1C1712",
        "#8C2A21",
        "#5A4E40"
      ],
      "radii": [],
      "fontSizes": [
        "0.7rem",
        "0.82rem",
        "0.9rem",
        "0.95rem",
        "0.98rem",
        "1rem",
        "1.05em",
        "1.05rem",
        "1.15rem",
        "1.16rem",
        "1.28rem"
      ],
      "faces": [
        "PlayfairX",
        "PlayfairXI",
        "BodoniX",
        "CaslonX",
        "DMSerifX",
        "MarcellusX",
        "EczarX",
        "AntonX",
        "BigShouldersX",
        "StaatlichesX",
        "BungeeShadeX",
        "VollkornX",
        "Georgia",
        "Didot",
        "Arial Narrow",
        "Arial Black",
        "serif !important"
      ],
      "tokens": [
        {
          "name": "--vc-stock",
          "value": "#FFFFFF"
        },
        {
          "name": "--vc-ink",
          "value": "#1C1712"
        },
        {
          "name": "--vc-red",
          "value": "#8C2A21"
        },
        {
          "name": "--vc-hair",
          "value": "#4a41368a"
        },
        {
          "name": "--vc-dim",
          "value": "#5A4E40"
        },
        {
          "name": "--vc-text",
          "value": "\"VollkornX\", Georgia, serif"
        }
      ],
      "animates": false,
      "absent": [
        "no box-shadow anywhere",
        "no gradient anywhere",
        "no rounded corner anywhere",
        "no text-shadow anywhere",
        "nothing animates"
      ]
    },
    "design_grammar": {
      "note": "Aesthetary's translation of this record into web primitives. Every value carries a basis: \"record\" is a rule the record holds (cites names it), \"translation\" is our choice derived from the cited rules (because says how), \"not_recorded\" means the record is silent (guidance says what to do). A \"record\" value restates a claim the record holds; its standing is that claim's own kind in the record (a requirement, period practice, modern practice, or our interpretation), which the cited rule states. \"record\" does not by itself make a value a property of the language.",
      "slug": "victorian",
      "version": "2026-09-29",
      "summary": "A starting grammar for a website in Victorian jobbing print: a case of unrelated faces, one decision per line, centred bands divided by rules and fleurons, black ink on white with one coloured ink at most, and no space left that could carry another line.",
      "color": {
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "paper",
            "value": "#FFFFFF",
            "use": "The page: white, as printed.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:color-from-surface-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "ink",
            "value": "#1C1712",
            "contrast": "18.1:1",
            "use": "Everything set: text, display, rules, fleurons.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:color-from-surface-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "second",
            "value": "#8C2A21",
            "contrast": "8.5:1",
            "use": "The one coloured ink: emphasis lines, the current page, fleurons.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "faded",
            "value": "#5A4E40",
            "contrast": "8.1:1",
            "use": "Secondary lines on the web page.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "alternates": [],
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Print black ink on white paper; that was most of the work.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:color-from-surface-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Use a coloured ink sparingly, one colour at a time (red or blue in the documented shop).",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Do not age the paper: yellowing and stains are survival, not the printed look.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-6"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Choose oxblood as the second ink.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ],
            "because": "Red is one of the two documented coloured inks; the exact red is ours."
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources do not say which red or blue.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ],
            "guidance": "Blue is equally documented as a second ink; pick one hue per page and do not claim it as the period colour.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "typography": {
        "family": {
          "stack": "\"VollkornX\", Georgia, serif",
          "class": "a case of unrelated display faces (the room's inventory), with Vollkorn for text at reading length"
        },
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "display-large",
            "size": "clamp(2rem, 6vw, 3.6rem)",
            "weight": 400,
            "lineHeight": "1.05",
            "case": null,
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": null,
            "use": "The line that leads. Face chosen for that line."
          },
          {
            "role": "display-small",
            "size": "1.28rem",
            "weight": 400,
            "lineHeight": "1.08",
            "case": null,
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": null,
            "use": "Supporting lines, each in another face."
          },
          {
            "role": "text",
            "size": "1.1rem",
            "weight": 400,
            "lineHeight": "1.58",
            "case": null,
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": "38rem",
            "use": "Sentences on the web page, centred on the bill's axis."
          }
        ],
        "tokens": {
          "face-a": "\"BungeeShadeX\", \"Arial Black\", sans-serif",
          "face-b": "\"StaatlichesX\", \"Arial Narrow\", sans-serif",
          "face-c": "\"PlayfairXI\", Georgia, serif",
          "face-d": "\"MarcellusX\", Georgia, serif",
          "face-e": "\"AntonX\", \"Arial Narrow\", sans-serif"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Take type variety from the inventory, not from a coordinated family; faces do not agree.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:vi-r1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Change rank per line with face and size together; no modular scale.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Set display in wood type and relief-printed metal faces.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:typography-4"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Keep one sturdy text face for sentences a reader must follow.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:vi-r1"
            ],
            "because": "Display variety is the rule for lines of the bill; long web text needs to be read, and no rule governs it."
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources do not name the faces.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [],
            "guidance": "The five display faces here are the room's inventory, not a period set. Any case works if its faces were never chosen to agree.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "gridLayout": {
        "summary": "One centred column of bands, divided by rules and fleurons. No grid, and no whitespace kept for elegance.",
        "tokens": {
          "measure": "46rem",
          "line-gap": "0.28rem"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Centre every line; divide bands with rules.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:layout-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Keep density high: space that could carry another line of copy carries it.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:density-6"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources do not specify a column grid.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [],
            "guidance": "Stay in one centred column; if a grid is needed, say it is yours.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "shapeGeometry": {
        "tokens": {
          "rule": "1px solid #1C1712",
          "rule-double": "3px double #1C1712",
          "radius": "0",
          "fleuron": "❦"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Use rules and fleurons as the furniture.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:surface-8"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Print flat: no debossed bite, no inset shadow.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Square corners throughout.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:surface-8"
            ],
            "because": "Rules are straight brass; nothing in the record is rounded."
          }
        ]
      },
      "imagery": {
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Illustrate with engraving.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:imagery-7"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources name engraving but supply none we may show: no engraving is held.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [],
            "guidance": "Use real period engravings with their source, or none. Do not imitate engraving with filters or generated art.",
            "silence": "source"
          },
          {
            "rule": "No photography.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:failure-4"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "components": {
        "button": {
          "name": "Button",
          "becomes": "A line of the bill boxed in brass rule: a pointing hand and the label in a condensed wood-type face.",
          "anatomy": [
            "1px ink rule on all sides, doubled outside",
            "manicule (☞) before the label",
            "label in a display face from the case, capitals"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "border": "3px double #1C1712",
            "background": "#FFFFFF",
            "radius": "0",
            "shadow": "none"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Ink label in a double rule on white.",
            "hover": "The label changes to the second ink (oxblood).",
            "focus": "2px oxblood outline, 3px outside the rule.",
            "active": "Ink field, white label: printed solid.",
            "disabled": "Single hairline rule, faded ink label."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "Ink on white is 18.1:1; oxblood on white 8.5:1.",
            "The manicule is aria-hidden; the label says what happens.",
            "At least 44px tall."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Box the button in rule and set its label in a display face.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:layout-3",
                "token_rule:surface-8"
              ],
              "because": "Bands are divided by rules and the furniture is rules and fleurons; a button is a small ruled band."
            },
            {
              "rule": "No deep debossed impression, inset shadow or pressed-in look.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:surface-5"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            }
          ]
        },
        "card": {
          "name": "Card",
          "becomes": "A handbill: centred lines, each in its own face and size, closed with a rule.",
          "anatomy": [
            "double-rule frame",
            "three to five centred lines, each a different face",
            "a rule or fleuron under the last line"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "border": "3px double #1C1712",
            "align": "center",
            "padding": "0.75rem 1rem"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Double rule on white.",
            "hover": "The lead line takes the second ink.",
            "focus": "2px oxblood outline outside the frame."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "The whole card is one link.",
            "Line order in the markup is reading order; no line is only decoration."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Change rank per line with a face change and a size change together, never a scale ramp.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Set the card's lines from unrelated faces; a coordinated family is pastiche.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:vi-r1"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Centre the lines and close the card with a rule.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:layout-3"
              ],
              "because": "Composition is centred lines in rule-divided bands; a card is one band."
            }
          ]
        },
        "input": {
          "name": "Input",
          "becomes": "A ruled line to write on, its label set above in a small display face.",
          "anatomy": [
            "label above, centred, in the case's small capitals face",
            "a bottom rule in ink, full width",
            "white field"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "border": "0 0 2px 0 solid #1C1712",
            "background": "#FFFFFF",
            "radius": "0",
            "height": "2.75rem"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "2px ink rule under the field.",
            "focus": "2px oxblood outline around the field.",
            "error": "Message in oxblood below, beginning \"Error:\".",
            "disabled": "Dotted rule."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "The label is real text above the field.",
            "Error text is words, not colour alone."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Draw the field as a rule, not a box.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:surface-8"
              ],
              "because": "Rules are the documented furniture; a bill has lines to fill, not boxes."
            },
            {
              "rule": "The sources describe no period forms.",
              "basis": "not_recorded",
              "cites": [],
              "guidance": "Do not dress the field as a ledger or a ticket stub; a plain rule is enough.",
              "silence": "source"
            }
          ]
        },
        "navigation": {
          "name": "Navigation",
          "becomes": "One centred line of the bill: the sections set in different faces, parted by fleurons, the current one in the second ink.",
          "anatomy": [
            "centred line",
            "each link in a different face from the case",
            "fleuron or bullet separators",
            "current page in oxblood"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "align": "center",
            "separator": "❦",
            "current": "#8C2A21"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Ink links, underlined in oxblood.",
            "hover": "The link takes the second ink.",
            "focus": "2px oxblood outline.",
            "current": "Oxblood, not a link."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "aria-current on the current page.",
            "Separators are aria-hidden."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Set each navigation item in a different face.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:vi-r1",
                "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
              ],
              "because": "Variety from inventory, carried to the one line every page repeats."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Mark the current page in the second ink.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:surface-3"
              ],
              "because": "Coloured ink, when used, is limited to one colour per run."
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "motion": {
        "spec": null,
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Do not animate. State changes are instant ink swaps.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:motion-reason"
            ],
            "because": "Letterpress does not move; the record gives motion no place."
          }
        ]
      },
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "key": "inventory",
          "label": "Inventory",
          "summary": "The faces come from what is in the case. A page that agrees with itself is the modern pastiche.",
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Never set a page from one superfamily's weights; that is pastiche.",
              "basis": "record",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:vi-r1"
              ]
            },
            {
              "rule": "Pick each line's face for the measure and the emphasis that line needs.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "intent"
              ],
              "because": "The argument: every line is set in whatever face best fits the measure and the emphasis."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notRecorded": [
        {
          "category": "typography",
          "what": "A particular set of faces",
          "why": "The record holds the method (variety from inventory), not the faces."
        },
        {
          "category": "imagery",
          "what": "Any engraving we could show",
          "why": "Engraving is on the record; no licensed engraving is held, and none is imitated."
        },
        {
          "category": "components",
          "what": "Interface conventions",
          "why": "The research record does not establish them. The four components are contemporary translations of documented rules."
        },
        {
          "category": "motion",
          "what": "Any position on screen motion",
          "why": "Letterpress does not move. Choosing none is this grammar's translation."
        }
      ],
      "silence": {
        "color": "source",
        "typography": "source",
        "gridLayout": "source",
        "shapeGeometry": "source",
        "imagery": "source",
        "components": "source",
        "motion": "source"
      },
      "uiNote": "The sources do not specify interface conventions for Victorian. These four are contemporary translations of its visual rules."
    }
  }
}