{
  "contract": "aesthetary.record/1.0",
  "record_spec": "1.1.0",
  "semantics": {
    "vocabulary": "aesthetary.public-evidence/1.0",
    "definitions": "vocabulary.json"
  },
  "slug": "travel-poster",
  "name": "Travel Poster",
  "identity": {
    "definition": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "The travel poster is a genre defined by function: an advertising poster that proposes a travel destination, often by well-known artists for railway companies. Its documented interwar strand (British railway posters of the 1920s and 1930s and Roger Broders' PLM posters) was colour-lithographed, often simplified into flat colour, with bold destination lettering. A limited palette and a fixed tall proportion are Aesthetary's reading."
    },
    "scope": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "The visual register of interwar railway and resort posters, anchored in documented work such as Broders' PLM posters: flat colour, deep perspective, bold destination lettering. Limited palette and tall proportion are Aesthetary's reading.",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "vintage travel",
      "tourism lithograph",
      "destination poster"
    ],
    "layer_verdict": {
      "state": "ruled",
      "value": "umbrella_or_family",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    }
  },
  "native_medium": {
    "state": "resolved",
    "value": [
      "print_poster"
    ],
    "evidence": {
      "quote": "lithograph",
      "field": "register_context[kind=medium]"
    },
    "ruling": "AM2-1 (2026-09-27)"
  },
  "research": {
    "line": "partly_sourced",
    "text": "Partly sourced",
    "sentence": "10 sources attached. 1 claim graded by our research brief, no source attached."
  },
  "areas": [
    {
      "area": "layout",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "typography",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "color",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "imagery",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "surface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "interface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motion",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motif",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "open_by_finding",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Left open"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "technique",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "form",
      "state": "owed",
      "owed": "research",
      "why": "No source has been examined for this yet."
    },
    {
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "density",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "typography-4",
      "text": "CURATORIAL: a geometric or gently condensed sans in caps, letterspaced, sitting as a band. Reasoned from the wordmark's structural role.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "hierarchy-13",
      "text": "is SUPPORTED: the destination wordmark outranks everything, and there is effectively no third level.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "color-5",
      "text": "Colour: limited flat palette.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "color",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "imagery-7",
      "text": "Imagery: flattened landscape illustration.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [
          "mass-01:travel-poster:WP_BRODERS"
        ],
        "contested": true
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "mark": "disputed",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry · disputed"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8",
      "text": "Form / motif / surface / technique: lithographic flatness, no modelling.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "tp-r1",
      "text": "The landscape is reduced to stacked planes of flat colour with no modelling, in a palette small enough to have been hand-separated for lithography.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "color",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "graded_unlinked",
        "for": [],
        "against": [
          "mass-01:travel-poster:WP_BRODERS"
        ],
        "contested": true
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "graded",
        "mark": "none",
        "text": "Graded by our research brief · No source attached · disputed"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-1",
      "text": "No photography.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-2",
      "text": "No modelling, gradient or cast shadow.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-3",
      "text": "No service or price copy.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-4",
      "text": "No reflowing the poster proportion away.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-8",
      "text": "Not open: breaking the proportion..",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-negation",
      "text": "Refuses photographic detail, and refuses selling a service or a price rather than a place.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-cost",
      "text": "Costs accepted: Accuracy; Information; Anything the traveller needs to know",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-audience",
      "text": "Audience: A viewer who wants to be somewhere else and will accept an idealised version of it.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-distinguishing",
      "text": "Sells a place, not a service; lithographic flatness",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-era",
      "text": "Era: mid-century",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-mood",
      "text": "Mood: warm, nostalgic",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-cross-library",
      "text": "Cross-library: Imagery: flat landscape illustration",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-applications",
      "text": "Common applications: Tourism boards, hotels, travel",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "sector-registers",
      "text": "Sectors: Tourism boards, hotels, travel",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": "D0-3 C3 sector"
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.technique",
      "text": "Technique: lithographic flatness",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "technique",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.imagery",
      "text": "Imagery: no modelling",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "motion-reason",
      "text": "A poster does not move.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motion",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "freedom-typography",
      "text": "Declared freedom: wordmark treatment.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-1",
      "text": "The destination name is the main lettering, set plainly and boldly, with a short slogan.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Broders' PLM posters, 1922-32 (encyclopaedic)."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-2",
      "text": "Lettering on British railway posters came in various styles; it was treated as a set of two-dimensional shapes within the design.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "British railway posters, 1923-39."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-3",
      "text": "The LNER standardised on Gill Sans as its house lettering.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S7",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "LNER only."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-4",
      "text": "Many posters used more decorative lettering, perhaps derived from shop-fronts and letterpress playbills.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-5",
      "text": "Lettering was not always a horizontal band: Broders' Le Tour du Mont Blanc wraps its text around a circular image.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S8"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "One PLM poster, 1927."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-1",
      "text": "Posters were colour lithographs on paper.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S5",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S10",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S8"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "British (LNER), French (Nord, PLM) examples 1925-32."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-2",
      "text": "British railway posters were still printed from litho stones on old large presses, with hand-drawn colour separations.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Britain, into the 1930s."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-3",
      "text": "A black key printing gives the areas of flat colour their sense of depth.",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:surface-4",
      "text": "Colour count was a cost decision: twelve overprinted colours was not unusual, and cheaper prints were bought by simplifying colour and detail.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S4"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Chromolithography in general (encyclopaedic)."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:motif-1",
      "text": "Each British railway company had its own branding marks, e.g. the GWR button logo and the LNER ellipse; one company made frequent use of an electric flash or spark motif.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "British Big Four, 1923-39."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:motif-2",
      "text": "Styles varied within the genre (Art Deco, abstract, representational); the absence of a shared ornament system is Aesthetary's inference.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-1",
      "text": "The poster is a single flat sheet at large scale. The British quad royal is 50 x 40 in, landscape; one Broders PLM poster measures 101.6 x 63.5 cm, portrait.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S8",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S10"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-2",
      "text": "The only spatial organisation documented is display: posters pasted on platform hoardings or trimmed and framed in waiting rooms, and occasional multi-sheet series that form one continuous scene when hung side by side.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Purvis's six-sheet LNER series, 1931."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:definition",
      "text": "The travel poster is a genre defined by function: an advertising poster that proposes a travel destination, often by well-known artists for railway companies. Its documented interwar strand (British railway posters of the 1920s and 1930s and Roger Broders' PLM posters) was colour-lithographed, often simplified into flat colour, with bold destination lettering. A limited palette and a fixed tall proportion are Aesthetary's reading.",
      "role": "definition",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S1",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S2",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S3",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S9",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:layout-from-form-1",
      "text": "The poster is a single flat sheet at large scale. The British quad royal is 50 x 40 in, landscape; one Broders PLM poster measures 101.6 x 63.5 cm, portrait.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "layout",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-travel-poster-S6",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S8",
          "kcc-travel-poster-S10"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:layout-3",
      "text": "A poster is one flat sheet at large scale, and its orientation varies: the British quad royal is landscape, Broders' PLM posters portrait. Hold the sheet's fixed ratio on screen rather than letting the composition reflow to viewport width; which ratio is the design's choice.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "layout",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:form-1",
        "kcc:layout-from-form-1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:intent",
      "text": "A place is sold by simplifying it. Reducing a landscape to flat shapes of colour produces an image more memorable than the place itself, and the destination name, with at most a short slogan, is the only text the poster owes anyone.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:definition",
        "kcc:typography-1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:gestalt",
      "text": "A landscape simplified into flat colour with no modelling, colour-lithographed, with a black key printing giving the flat areas their depth, and the destination name set plainly and boldly as the dominant lettering on one large sheet, portrait or landscape. The diagnostic condition is the place is the product: no service, no price, no itinerary — the poster sells a location and nothing else, which is why the destination and a short slogan can be the only copy. Pulp sells a story. Mid-Century Modern shares the flat colour and the illustration but arranges a domestic composition rather than a horizon.",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:definition",
        "kcc:surface-1",
        "kcc:surface-3",
        "kcc:typography-1",
        "kcc:form-1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:failure-5",
      "text": "No modelled, photographic colour: however many inks, each is laid flat.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:surface-4",
        "kcc:definition"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:failure-7",
      "text": "Not open: adding copy beyond the destination and a short slogan.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:typography-1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:gestalt-boundary",
      "text": "Against Mid-Century Modern: horizon versus domestic arrangement. Against Pulp: place versus story; a flat lithographed landscape sold on a hoarding versus a painted scene sold on a rack. Anti-signature: add itinerary or price copy and the register collapses — it stops selling a place. Add photographic modelling and it becomes ordinary tourism marketing.",
      "role": "boundary",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:definition",
        "kcc:surface-1"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "web_translations": [],
  "standard_practice": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "mass-01:travel-poster:WP_BRODERS",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Roger Broders",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Broders",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S1",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Poster",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poster",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S10",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Marseille, point de départ de la Côte d'Azur (E.3641-1932), Roger Broders",
      "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O743573/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S2",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Vintage travel posters - reimagined",
      "url": "https://blog.railwaymuseum.org.uk/vintage-travel-posters-reimagined/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S3",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Roger Broders",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Broders",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S4",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Chromolithography",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromolithography",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S5",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Posters - Explore the Collections",
      "url": "https://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/posters",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S6",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Railway Posters from Britain: 1923–1939",
      "url": "https://posterhouse.org/blog/railway-posters-from-britain-1923-1939/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S7",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "The Railway Poster in Britain (Railways and Tourism, part 2), Japan Railway & Transport Review 17",
      "url": "https://www.ejrcf.or.jp/jrtr/jrtr17/pdf/f21_pos.pdf",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S8",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Le Tour du Mont Blanc (E.519-1929), Roger Broders, 1927",
      "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O90174/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-travel-poster-S9",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Marseille Porte de l'Afrique du Nord (E.3642-1932), Roger Broders",
      "url": "https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89992/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "slug": "pulp",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "cartographic",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "mid-century-modern",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    }
  ],
  "open": [
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Is there a genre-wide palette size or proportion?"
    }
  ],
  "aesthetary_build": {
    "note": "Values Aesthetary built with. Not claims about the Aesthetic.",
    "measured": {
      "note": "Read from the page's own stylesheet at build time. Values Aesthetary built with, not claims about the Aesthetic.",
      "slug": "travel-poster",
      "stylesheet": "travel-poster.css",
      "bytes": 12688,
      "colours": [
        "#15343D",
        "#F4E3BE",
        "#F2C572",
        "#F6D48E",
        "#FBEAC0",
        "#7FA7A8",
        "#1E5C6B",
        "#2F7584",
        "#D9603F",
        "#EFE6D2",
        "#E2D6BC",
        "#9E3F25",
        "#4A5D61",
        "#B34A2E",
        "#FFFFFF",
        "#9AA4A6",
        "#3366FF",
        "#EBD9B0",
        "#C8372D",
        "#1A1A1A",
        "#C9BB9B"
      ],
      "radii": [],
      "fontSizes": [
        "14px",
        "16px",
        "17px"
      ],
      "faces": [
        "Josefin TP",
        "Karla TP"
      ],
      "tokens": [
        {
          "name": "--tp-ink",
          "value": "#15343D"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-cream",
          "value": "#F4E3BE"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-sand",
          "value": "#F2C572"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-sky",
          "value": "#F6D48E"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-sun",
          "value": "#FBEAC0"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-haze",
          "value": "#7FA7A8"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-sea",
          "value": "#1E5C6B"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-wave",
          "value": "#2F7584"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-coral",
          "value": "#D9603F"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-paper",
          "value": "#EFE6D2"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-matte",
          "value": "#E2D6BC"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-coral-d",
          "value": "#9E3F25"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-muted",
          "value": "#4A5D61"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-band-face",
          "value": "\"Josefin TP\", \"Futura\", \"Century Gothic\", sans-serif"
        },
        {
          "name": "--tp-face",
          "value": "\"Karla TP\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif"
        }
      ],
      "animates": false,
      "absent": [
        "no rounded corner anywhere",
        "no text-shadow anywhere",
        "nothing animates"
      ]
    },
    "design_grammar": {
      "note": "Aesthetary's translation of this record into web primitives. Every value carries a basis: \"record\" is a rule the record holds (cites names it), \"translation\" is our choice derived from the cited rules (because says how), \"not_recorded\" means the record is silent (guidance says what to do). A \"record\" value restates a claim the record holds; its standing is that claim's own kind in the record (a requirement, period practice, modern practice, or our interpretation), which the cited rule states. \"record\" does not by itself make a value a property of the language.",
      "slug": "travel-poster",
      "version": "2026-09-29",
      "summary": "A starting grammar for a website in Travel Poster: a place in flat colour with a dark key, the destination set plainly and boldly, each sheet held at its own ratio, and nothing sold but the place.",
      "color": {
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "paper",
            "value": "#EFE6D2",
            "use": "The page ground behind the sheets.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "ink",
            "value": "#15343D",
            "contrast": "10.6:1",
            "use": "The key: bands, text, the darkest plane.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "cream",
            "value": "#F4E3BE",
            "use": "Lettering on the band; fields.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "sand",
            "value": "#F2C572",
            "use": "A flat plane: land, facts, the current page.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "sky",
            "value": "#F6D48E",
            "use": "A flat plane: sky.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "haze",
            "value": "#7FA7A8",
            "use": "A flat plane: distance.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "sea",
            "value": "#1E5C6B",
            "use": "A flat plane: water; cream text at 5.9:1.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "coral",
            "value": "#D9603F",
            "use": "A flat plane: the headland. Never text.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "coral-deep",
            "value": "#9E3F25",
            "contrast": "5.3:1",
            "use": "Coral wherever it is text, and focus.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "alternates": [],
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Lay every colour flat, with no modelling.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:surface-8"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Use a dark key printing to give the flat areas their depth.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Keep to the page's nine inks.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:color-5"
            ],
            "because": "A limited flat palette is the record's reading; the count and the inks are ours."
          },
          {
            "rule": "The palette size is not evidenced.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:surface-4"
            ],
            "guidance": "Twelve overprinted colours was not unusual and cheaper prints simplified colour; choose a count and say it is yours.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "typography": {
        "family": {
          "stack": "\"Karla TP\", \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif",
          "class": "a letterspaced geometric sans for bands (Josefin Sans, our reading) and Karla for reading text"
        },
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "destination",
            "size": "clamp(1.75rem, 5vw, 3rem)",
            "weight": 700,
            "lineHeight": "1.1",
            "case": "uppercase",
            "tracking": "0.14em",
            "measure": null,
            "use": "The destination name, the one dominant line."
          },
          {
            "role": "band",
            "size": "0.75rem",
            "weight": 700,
            "lineHeight": "1.5",
            "case": "uppercase",
            "tracking": "0.2em",
            "measure": null,
            "use": "Labels and small bands."
          },
          {
            "role": "text",
            "size": "1.125rem",
            "weight": 400,
            "lineHeight": "1.65",
            "case": null,
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": "860px",
            "use": "Everything read at length."
          }
        ],
        "tokens": {
          "font-band": "\"Josefin TP\", \"Futura\", \"Century Gothic\", sans-serif"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Set the destination name as the main lettering, plainly and boldly, with a short slogan.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:typography-1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Treat lettering as shapes within the design, not as a separate text block.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:typography-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Set the wordmark in a geometric or gently condensed sans, in caps, letterspaced, as a band.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:typography-4"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Use Josefin Sans for bands and Karla for text.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:typography-4"
            ],
            "because": "The page's own faces: a geometric caps sans for the band and a plain sans for reading."
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources name no single period lettering style.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:typography-3",
              "claim:kcc:typography-4"
            ],
            "guidance": "Styles varied: the LNER used Gill Sans, other posters decorative lettering from shop-fronts and playbills. Choose one and do not call it the genre's face.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "gridLayout": {
        "summary": "One sheet, not a grid: a horizon of stacked flat planes under the destination band, the sheet held at its own ratio, portrait or landscape.",
        "tokens": {
          "ratio-portrait": "5 / 7",
          "ratio-landscape": "50 / 40"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Hold the sheet at a fixed ratio rather than reflowing it; portrait or landscape is the design's choice.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:dcc:layout-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "A poster is one flat sheet at large scale: the quad royal 50 × 40 in landscape, a PLM poster 101.6 × 63.5 cm portrait.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:form-1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Keep hierarchy nearly binary: destination, then everything else.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources do not specify a column grid.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [],
            "guidance": "Lay the page as sheets on a wall; if you need columns, state them as yours.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "shapeGeometry": {
        "tokens": {
          "radius": "0",
          "sheet-margin": "5px solid #FFFFFF",
          "shadow": "none"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "No modelling, gradient or cast shadow.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:failure-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Square corners, and a thin white margin round each sheet.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:form-1",
              "claim:kcc:form-2"
            ],
            "because": "A single flat sheet, trimmed and pasted or framed; the margin is the paper."
          }
        ]
      },
      "imagery": {
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Show a flattened landscape illustration.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:imagery-7"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Reduce the landscape to stacked planes of flat colour, no modelling.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:tp-r1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "No photography.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:failure-1"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "components": {
        "button": {
          "name": "Button",
          "becomes": "A flat block of one ink with the label in letterspaced capitals, like a strip cut from the poster's band.",
          "anatomy": [
            "flat ink field, no gradient, no shadow",
            "label in the band face, capitals, letterspaced",
            "square corners"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "background": "#15343D",
            "color": "#F4E3BE",
            "radius": "0",
            "shadow": "none",
            "tracking": "0.16em"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Ink block, cream label (10.4:1).",
            "hover": "The block changes to the sea ink (cream on sea 5.9:1).",
            "focus": "3px deep-coral outline, 3px outside.",
            "active": "Sea block, label underlined.",
            "disabled": "Haze block, ink label."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "Every state is a flat colour change with text at 4.5:1 or better.",
            "At least 44px tall."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Make the button one flat plane of ink.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:definition",
                "token_rule:surface-8"
              ],
              "because": "Flat colour with no modelling is the surface; a button is one more plane."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Set the label as the band sets the wordmark: letterspaced capitals.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:typography-4"
              ],
              "because": "Our reading of the record's type: a geometric or gently condensed sans in caps, letterspaced, sitting as a band."
            }
          ]
        },
        "card": {
          "name": "Card",
          "becomes": "A small poster on the hoarding: a flat landscape above, the destination in the dark band below, and a short slogan at most.",
          "anatomy": [
            "white margin round the sheet",
            "flat-colour picture, no modelling",
            "dark band with the destination name in capitals",
            "optional one-line slogan"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "margin": "5px solid #FFFFFF",
            "band": "#15343D",
            "ratio": "held (portrait or landscape)"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Flat sheet in its white margin.",
            "hover": "The band's name underlines.",
            "focus": "3px deep-coral outline outside the margin."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "The whole card is one link; its name is the destination.",
            "The picture is decorative when the name says the place."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Make the destination name the main lettering, set plainly and boldly, with a short slogan at most.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:typography-1"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Let the destination outrank everything; there is no third level.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Hold each card at a fixed ratio, portrait or landscape.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:dcc:layout-3",
                "claim:kcc:form-1"
              ],
              "because": "The record holds the sheet's ratio rather than reflowing it, and documents both orientations."
            }
          ]
        },
        "input": {
          "name": "Input",
          "becomes": "A flat cream field on the page with a 2px ink edge and its label in band capitals above.",
          "anatomy": [
            "cream field",
            "2px ink edge",
            "label above in the band face",
            "error on a flat coral-deep line below"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "background": "#F4E3BE",
            "border": "2px solid #15343D",
            "radius": "0",
            "height": "2.75rem"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "2px ink edge on cream.",
            "focus": "3px deep-coral outline.",
            "error": "Message in deep coral (5.3:1 on paper), beginning \"Error:\".",
            "disabled": "Haze field."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "The label is real text above the field.",
            "Error text is words, not colour alone."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Draw the field as one flat plane with an ink edge.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:surface-8"
              ],
              "because": "Flat colour, no modelling: no inset shadow or bevel."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Forms have no place on a poster.",
              "basis": "not_recorded",
              "cites": [
                "claim:failure-3"
              ],
              "guidance": "Keep fields few and plain; a form is service copy, which the register refuses on the poster itself.",
              "silence": "source"
            }
          ]
        },
        "navigation": {
          "name": "Navigation",
          "becomes": "The dark band across the top of the page, sections in letterspaced capitals, the current one on a sand plane.",
          "anatomy": [
            "ink band, full width",
            "links in the band face, capitals",
            "current page on a flat sand block"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "background": "#15343D",
            "color": "#F4E3BE",
            "current": "#F2C572",
            "tracking": "0.16em"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Cream capitals on the ink band.",
            "hover": "Underline, 2px.",
            "focus": "3px cream outline.",
            "current": "Sand block, ink capitals (8.2:1)."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "aria-current on the current page.",
            "Every label at 8:1 or better on its plane."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Run navigation as a dark band in the band face.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:typography-4",
                "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
              ],
              "because": "The wordmark sits as a band; navigation borrows the band and never outranks the destination."
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "motion": {
        "spec": null,
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Do not animate. State changes are instant swaps of flat colour.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:motion-reason"
            ],
            "because": "A poster does not move; the record gives motion no place."
          }
        ]
      },
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "key": "display",
          "label": "The hoarding",
          "summary": "Posters were seen pasted on platform hoardings or framed in waiting rooms, and a series could hang side by side as one continuous scene.",
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Display is the only spatial organisation: pasted on hoardings, framed in waiting rooms, or hung as a continuous series.",
              "basis": "record",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:form-2"
              ]
            },
            {
              "rule": "Show a set of posters as sheets side by side on one wall, each whole.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:form-2"
              ],
              "because": "The documented display is the hoarding; a set of cards is a set of sheets, not a mosaic."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notRecorded": [
        {
          "category": "color",
          "what": "How many inks, and which",
          "why": "The palette size is not evidenced; the nine inks are the page's."
        },
        {
          "category": "typography",
          "what": "One lettering style for the genre",
          "why": "Styles varied, from Gill Sans at the LNER to decorative lettering."
        },
        {
          "category": "gridLayout",
          "what": "A column system",
          "why": "The record holds a sheet and its ratio, not a grid."
        },
        {
          "category": "components",
          "what": "Interface conventions",
          "why": "The research record does not establish them. The four components are contemporary translations of documented rules."
        },
        {
          "category": "motion",
          "what": "Any position on screen motion",
          "why": "A poster does not move. Choosing none is this grammar's translation."
        }
      ],
      "silence": {
        "color": "source",
        "typography": "source",
        "gridLayout": "source",
        "shapeGeometry": "source",
        "imagery": "source",
        "components": "source",
        "motion": "source"
      },
      "uiNote": "The sources do not specify interface conventions for Travel Poster. These four are contemporary translations of its visual rules."
    }
  }
}