{
  "contract": "aesthetary.record/1.0",
  "record_spec": "1.1.0",
  "semantics": {
    "vocabulary": "aesthetary.public-evidence/1.0",
    "definitions": "vocabulary.json"
  },
  "slug": "broadsheet",
  "name": "Broadsheet",
  "identity": {
    "definition": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "Broadsheet is the largest newspaper page format, defined by sheet size (long vertical pages about 57 cm tall) and in Britain shaped by a 1712 tax on page counts; the visual register of packed columns, rules and a masthead is Aesthetary's reading of newspaper page practice, not a property the sources attach to the format, and no source makes a single spot colour a broadsheet attribute."
    },
    "scope": {
      "state": "resolved",
      "text": "The visual register of broadsheet newspaper pages, a format named for its sheet size: dense justified columns, rules, masthead, as Aesthetary's reading of newspaper practice; no source yet evidences these as broadsheet-specific.",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    },
    "aliases": [
      "newsprint",
      "newspaper",
      "editorial print"
    ],
    "layer_verdict": {
      "state": "ruled",
      "value": "belongs_at_another_layer",
      "ruling": "D0-1"
    }
  },
  "native_medium": {
    "state": "resolved",
    "value": [
      "print_serial"
    ],
    "evidence": {
      "quote": "A page of newsprint must carry the maximum number of stories…",
      "field": "docs/briefs (brief text)"
    },
    "ruling": "D0-5 MD-2 (2026-09-28)"
  },
  "research": {
    "line": "partly_sourced",
    "text": "Partly sourced",
    "sentence": "12 sources attached."
  },
  "areas": [
    {
      "area": "layout",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "typography",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "color",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "imagery",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "open_by_finding",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Left open"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "surface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "interface",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motion",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "not_canonically_specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Not specified by the source"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "motif",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "open_question",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Open question"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "technique",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "form",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": null,
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    },
    {
      "area": "density",
      "state": "resolved",
      "canon": "specified",
      "importance": "unknown",
      "posture_basis": "synthesis",
      "label": {
        "text": "Specified"
      }
    }
  ],
  "claims": [
    {
      "id": "layout-3",
      "text": "Composition: narrow justified columns; masthead.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "layout",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "typography-4",
      "text": "CURATORIAL from neighbour: Editorial Modernism's serif-text / condensed-sans-furniture pairing, tightened. Borrowed and declared — Broadsheet has no token rule of its own, and this is not a claim about it.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "hierarchy-13",
      "text": "CURATORIAL: rank by column position and rule weight — above the fold and left-most leads. Not scale; the page has no room for scale.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "hierarchy",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "density-6",
      "text": "Density: *\"denser than the parent\"*.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "density",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8",
      "text": "Form/motif/surface/technique: hairline rules, newsprint.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent",
      "text": "A page of newsprint must carry the maximum number of stories a reader can navigate at a glance. Narrow justified columns and hairline rules exist to subdivide a crowded sheet into findable units, and every millimetre of white space is a story that did not run.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-1",
      "text": "No generous white space.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-2",
      "text": "No wide measure.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-3",
      "text": "No unjustified columns.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-5",
      "text": "No single dominant hero item.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-6",
      "text": "Against Editorial Modernism (parent, GREEN): density and rules versus air and sequence. Against Archival: packing versus ordering. Anti-signature: open the density and it becomes Editorial Modernism.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-7",
      "text": "Not open: opening the density.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "failure-8",
      "text": "Not open: removing the rules..",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-negation",
      "text": "Refuses generous white space, and refuses any device that reduces how much fits on the sheet.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-cost",
      "text": "Costs accepted: Reading comfort; Visual air; Emphasis on any single item",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "intent-audience",
      "text": "Audience: A reader who scans a crowded page for the one story they want.",
      "role": "argument",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "gestalt-boundary",
      "text": "Against Editorial Modernism (parent, GREEN): density and rules versus air and sequence. Against Archival: packing versus ordering. Anti-signature: open the density and it becomes Editorial Modernism.",
      "role": "boundary",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-distinguishing",
      "text": "Denser and more ruled than the parent; newspaper rather than magazine",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-era",
      "text": "Era: 19th-century, modernist",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-mood",
      "text": "Mood: serious",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "v1-cross-library",
      "text": "Cross-library: Layout: narrow justified columns",
      "role": "context",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.surface",
      "text": "Surface: newsprint",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "surface",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "surface-8.layout",
      "text": "Layout: hairline rules",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "layout",
      "basis": "inherited",
      "support": {
        "state": "inherited",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "catalogue",
        "text": "From our catalogue entry"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "motion-reason",
      "text": "Newsprint does not move.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motion",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "freedom-typography",
      "text": "Declared freedom: typography.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "freedom-imagery",
      "text": "Declared freedom: imagery.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-1",
      "text": "Times New Roman, a serif commissioned for The Times in 1931, has short descenders to allow tight linespacing and a relatively condensed appearance.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S5"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "The Times, 1931–32, when it was a broadsheet (S6)"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:typography-2",
      "text": "A contemporary broadsheet printer recommends a minimum type size of 8 pt.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "typography",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "seen",
        "text": "Seen in the work"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "one current short-run printer"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:imagery-1",
      "text": "Broadsheet front pages tend to show two or more stories, with the most important at the top, where tabloids tend toward a single story dominated by a headline.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "UK/US/AU/CA perception"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:imagery-2",
      "text": "The Times carried no news, only small advertisements, on its front page until 1966.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "The Times"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:imagery-3",
      "text": "At The New York Times, a picture editor was removed in January 1954 after placing a photograph of Monroe and DiMaggio kissing on the front page.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S10"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "The New York Times"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:motif-1",
      "text": "The masthead is the banner name on a newspaper's front page (US: nameplate).",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S9"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "all newspapers and periodicals, not broadsheet-specific"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:motif-2",
      "text": "The Times's masthead dropped a feature it had carried since the paper's founding.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S6"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "The Times"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:technique-1",
      "text": "Modern presses print broadsheet sections in multiples of eight pages, and the width of a newsprint roll is called its web.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "technique",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:technique-2",
      "text": "A complete layout dummy fixed column widths for the typesetter; photographic plates are still wrapped on printing drums to apply ink to newsprint.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "technique",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "newspapers generally"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:technique-3",
      "text": "Newsprint becomes brittle and yellow when exposed to air or sunlight; it can take four-colour printing, and one printer reduces ink coverage for it.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "technique",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S8",
          "kcc-broadsheet-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-1",
      "text": "The sheet is folded vertically in half to make four pages, and inside sheets nest inside one another.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-2",
      "text": "On broadsheet front pages the most important stories sit at the top of the page.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:form-3",
      "text": "At least one current printer cannot print a full double-page spread on a traditional broadsheet.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "form",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "seen",
        "text": "Seen in the work"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "one printer"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:density-1",
      "text": "Nineteenth-century newspapers were often densely packed with type, often arranged vertically, with multiple headlines per article.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "density",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S7"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "newspapers generally, 19th century"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:w2-imagery-1",
      "text": "A content study of Swedish dailies that moved from broadsheet to tabloid found page format had only a minor influence on content; all papers, whatever their size, moved the same way.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-W2S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Swedish morning and evening papers, samples from 1990, 2000 and 2010."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:w2-imagery-2",
      "text": "The study treats as a prior belief, which it then tests, the idea that quality papers switching to tabloid would bring more tabloidisation, including more pictures, illustrations, graphics and large headlines.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-W2S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:w2-imagery-3",
      "text": "Swedish papers that went tabloid in the early 2000s had a low share of articles with pictures in the 1990s, and that share almost doubled; the study concludes newspapers in general devote more space to pictures and illustrations.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-W2S1"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Swedish urban morning papers, 1990s-2010."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:w2-imagery-4",
      "text": "In US newspaper design (not broken down by format), photographs became the dominant front-page graphic element; a 1984 survey (Utt & Pasternack) found 96.2 percent of papers used a dominant photograph and most ran two front-page photographs.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "imagery",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-W2S2"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "US newspapers generally, 1970s-1980s; secondary report of Utt & Pasternack in an undergraduate journal; format not specified."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:w2-motif-1",
      "text": "Engraved symbols in newspaper mastheads are attested as a practice in American Revolutionary-era newspapers, where printers added and removed political emblems.",
      "role": "context",
      "area": "motif",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-W2S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "scope": {
        "practice": "Colonial American newspapers of the Revolutionary era; the thesis does not tie the practice to the broadsheet format."
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:definition",
      "text": "Broadsheet is the largest newspaper page format, defined by sheet size (long vertical pages about 57 cm tall) and in Britain shaped by a 1712 tax on page counts; the visual register of packed columns, rules and a masthead is Aesthetary's reading of newspaper page practice, not a property the sources attach to the format, and no source makes a single spot colour a broadsheet attribute.",
      "role": "definition",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S1",
          "kcc-broadsheet-S3"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc:revision-color-5",
      "text": "Colour, where used, can be four-colour process or spot, depending on the press; one current printer refuses spot colour, while US newspapers had a specified spot-colour palette. A single spot colour is not a broadsheet attribute.",
      "role": "rule",
      "area": "color",
      "basis": "documentary",
      "support": {
        "state": "cited",
        "for": [
          "kcc-broadsheet-S3",
          "kcc-broadsheet-S4",
          "kcc-broadsheet-S8"
        ],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "documented",
        "mark": "attached",
        "text": "Documented · Source attached"
      },
      "derives_from": [],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:gestalt",
      "text": "Narrow justified columns packed edge to edge, divided by hairline rules doing structural work, under a masthead that anchors the top of the sheet, with two or more stories on the front and the most important at the top, in ink on newsprint rather than in one signature spot colour. The diagnostic condition is density under economic pressure: the page is full because space costs money, and the rules exist because the columns are too close to separate themselves. Editorial Modernism, a proposed relation, opens the same column structure out for long-form reading. Archival orders a collection for retrieval rather than packing a sheet with stories.",
      "role": "diagnostic",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:definition",
        "kcc:density-1",
        "kcc:form-2",
        "kcc:imagery-1",
        "kcc:motif-1",
        "kcc:technique-3",
        "kcc:revision-color-5"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    },
    {
      "id": "dcc:failure-4",
      "text": "No single spot colour worn as the format's signature.",
      "role": "negative",
      "area": null,
      "basis": "synthesis",
      "support": {
        "state": "none",
        "for": [],
        "against": [],
        "contested": false
      },
      "label": {
        "kind": "reading",
        "text": "Our reading"
      },
      "derives_from": [
        "kcc:revision-color-5"
      ],
      "ruling": null
    }
  ],
  "web_translations": [],
  "standard_practice": [],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S1",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Broadsheet",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadsheet",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S10",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "History of The New York Times (1945–1998)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_The_New_York_Times_(1945%E2%80%931998)",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S3",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Artwork Guidelines to Create and Print a Traditional Broadsheet Newspaper",
      "url": "https://www.newspaperclub.com/create/artwork-guidelines/traditional-broadsheet/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S4",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Spot color",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_color",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S5",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Times New Roman",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_New_Roman",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S6",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "The Times",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S7",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "News design",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_design",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S8",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Newsprint",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsprint",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-S9",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Masthead (publishing) (disambiguation)",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masthead_(publishing)",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-W2S1",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "From Broadsheet to Tabloid: Content changes in Swedish newspapers in the light of a shrunken size",
      "url": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d5aa/8f945a308849c8aab6668d023b6989988375.pdf",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-W2S2",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "An Analysis of Design Components of Award-winning Newspaper Pages",
      "url": "https://eloncdn.blob.core.windows.net/eu3/sites/153/2018/12/05-Hays.pdf",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    },
    {
      "id": "kcc-broadsheet-W2S3",
      "kind": "source",
      "title": "Royal Images and Rebel Ideals: Contradictory Symbols in American Revolutionary Newspaper Nameplates",
      "url": "https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1769/",
      "status": "verified",
      "retrieval": "retrieved"
    }
  ],
  "relations": [
    {
      "slug": "editorial-modernism",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "archival",
      "kind": "confused_with",
      "status": "proposed"
    },
    {
      "slug": "editorial-modernism",
      "kind": "specialises",
      "status": "proposed"
    }
  ],
  "open": [
    {
      "kind": "open_question",
      "question": "Repeating decorative marks or ornament systems."
    },
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Are narrow justified columns and hairline rules broadsheet-specific?"
    },
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Any museum, archive or scholarly source on broadsheet page design."
    },
    {
      "kind": "missing_research",
      "question": "Image treatment on broadsheet pages."
    }
  ],
  "aesthetary_build": {
    "note": "Values Aesthetary built with. Not claims about the Aesthetic.",
    "measured": {
      "note": "Read from the page's own stylesheet at build time. Values Aesthetary built with, not claims about the Aesthetic.",
      "slug": "broadsheet",
      "stylesheet": "broadsheet.css",
      "bytes": 10875,
      "colours": [
        "#F2EEE3",
        "#191813",
        "#514D42",
        "#A11A1A",
        "#B9B2A0",
        "#EFEAE0",
        "#D9D3C3"
      ],
      "radii": [],
      "fontSizes": [
        "12px",
        "13px",
        "14px"
      ],
      "faces": [
        "FrankRuhlX",
        "OswaldX",
        "UnifrakturX"
      ],
      "tokens": [
        {
          "name": "--bs-paper",
          "value": "#F2EEE3"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-paper2",
          "value": "#EFEAE0"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-ink",
          "value": "#191813"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-grey",
          "value": "#514D42"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-red",
          "value": "#A11A1A"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-rule",
          "value": "#B9B2A0"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-mat",
          "value": "#d9d3c3"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-serif",
          "value": "\"FrankRuhlX\", \"Frank Ruhl Libre\", Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-cond",
          "value": "\"OswaldX\", \"Oswald\", \"Arial Narrow\", sans-serif"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-black",
          "value": "\"UnifrakturX\", \"UnifrakturMaguntia\", \"Old English Text MT\", serif"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-sheet-w",
          "value": "1320px"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-sheet-pad",
          "value": "clamp(12px, 2.4vw, 30px)"
        },
        {
          "name": "--bs-sheet-gap",
          "value": "clamp(0px, 2vw, 28px)"
        }
      ],
      "animates": false,
      "absent": [
        "no box-shadow anywhere",
        "no rounded corner anywhere",
        "no text-shadow anywhere",
        "nothing animates"
      ]
    },
    "design_grammar": {
      "note": "Aesthetary's translation of this record into web primitives. Every value carries a basis: \"record\" is a rule the record holds (cites names it), \"translation\" is our choice derived from the cited rules (because says how), \"not_recorded\" means the record is silent (guidance says what to do). A \"record\" value restates a claim the record holds; its standing is that claim's own kind in the record (a requirement, period practice, modern practice, or our interpretation), which the cited rule states. \"record\" does not by itself make a value a property of the language.",
      "slug": "broadsheet",
      "version": "2026-09-29",
      "summary": "A starting grammar for a website in Broadsheet: a tall front packed with two or more stories, the most important at the top, in narrow justified columns divided by hairlines, ink on newsprint with one red of our choosing.",
      "color": {
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "newsprint",
            "value": "#F2EEE3",
            "use": "The ground.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:surface-8.surface",
              "claim:kcc:technique-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "ink",
            "value": "#191813",
            "contrast": "15.3:1",
            "use": "Text, heads, structural rules.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:surface-8.surface"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "grey",
            "value": "#514D42",
            "contrast": "7.3:1",
            "use": "Decks, by-lines, folio.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "rule",
            "value": "#B9B2A0",
            "use": "Hairlines between columns. Never text.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:surface-8"
            ]
          },
          {
            "role": "red",
            "value": "#A11A1A",
            "contrast": "6.8:1",
            "use": "Kickers, the dateline, focus rings: the room's one accent, spent sparingly.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:revision-color-5",
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          }
        ],
        "alternates": [],
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Print on newsprint.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:surface-8.surface"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Colour, where used, is four-colour process or spot, depending on the press. A single spot colour is not the format's mark.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:revision-color-5"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Spend one red sparingly on kickers, the dateline and focus: the room's accent, not the format's mark.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:revision-color-5",
              "claim:dcc:failure-4",
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ],
            "because": "Spot colour is established newspaper practice, so a red is a lawful choice; which red, and that there is one, is ours. Rank still comes from position and rules."
          },
          {
            "rule": "The sources set no newspaper palette.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:revision-color-5"
            ],
            "guidance": "If a story needs colour, use it as a press would: in a photograph or in process colour, not as a signature accent.",
            "silence": "source"
          }
        ]
      },
      "typography": {
        "family": {
          "stack": "\"FrankRuhlX\", \"Frank Ruhl Libre\", Georgia, \"Times New Roman\", serif",
          "class": "serif text with condensed sans furniture (borrowed from Editorial Modernism, declared)"
        },
        "roles": [
          {
            "role": "head",
            "size": "clamp(1.5rem, 2.6vw, 2.25rem)",
            "weight": 600,
            "lineHeight": "1.02",
            "case": "uppercase",
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": null,
            "use": "Story heads, in the condensed sans."
          },
          {
            "role": "kicker",
            "size": "0.75rem",
            "weight": 500,
            "lineHeight": "1.2",
            "case": "uppercase",
            "tracking": "0.06em",
            "measure": null,
            "use": "Section labels over a head."
          },
          {
            "role": "text",
            "size": "1rem",
            "weight": 400,
            "lineHeight": "1.45",
            "case": null,
            "tracking": null,
            "measure": "a narrow column",
            "use": "Justified, hyphenated story text."
          }
        ],
        "tokens": {
          "font-cond": "\"OswaldX\", \"Oswald\", \"Arial Narrow\", sans-serif",
          "font-mast": "\"UnifrakturX\", \"UnifrakturMaguntia\", serif"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Serif for the text, condensed sans for the furniture, tightened.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:typography-4"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "A newspaper text face may be condensed with short descenders, to allow tight linespacing.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:typography-1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Set nothing below 8pt.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:typography-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Use Frank Ruhl for text, Oswald for furniture and a blackletter for the masthead.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:typography-4",
              "claim:freedom-typography"
            ],
            "because": "The room's own faces; the pairing is the record's borrowed and declared reading."
          }
        ]
      },
      "gridLayout": {
        "summary": "A tall front on a six-column grid: two or more stories, the lead at the top left, spans in whole columns, divided by hairlines.",
        "columns": [
          {
            "width": "≥1000px",
            "columns": 6
          },
          {
            "width": "640–1000px",
            "columns": 2
          },
          {
            "width": "<640px",
            "columns": 1
          }
        ],
        "gutter": "24px (12px either side of the hairline)",
        "tokens": {
          "col-rule": "1px solid #B9B2A0"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Narrow justified columns under a masthead.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:layout-3"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Rank by column position and rule weight: above the fold and left-most leads.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Put the most important stories at the top of the front.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:form-2"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Carry two or more stories on the front, not one dominated by a headline.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:imagery-1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Denser than the parent: no generous white space.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:density-6",
              "claim:failure-1"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Span stories across whole columns of a six-column grid.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:technique-2"
            ],
            "because": "A layout dummy fixed column widths for the typesetter; the grid is that dummy."
          }
        ]
      },
      "shapeGeometry": {
        "tokens": {
          "radius": "0",
          "hairline": "1px solid #B9B2A0",
          "story-rule": "1px solid #191813",
          "mast-rule": "4px double #191813"
        },
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Hairline rules do the structural work.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:surface-8"
            ]
          },
          {
            "rule": "Close the masthead and the folio with a double rule; square corners throughout.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
            ],
            "because": "Rule weight carries rank on this page."
          }
        ]
      },
      "imagery": {
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Imagery is a declared freedom.",
            "basis": "not_recorded",
            "cites": [
              "claim:freedom-imagery",
              "claim:kcc:w2-imagery-4"
            ],
            "guidance": "Photographs became the dominant front-page element in US papers by the 1980s; use one where a story has one, set in its column span.",
            "silence": "source"
          },
          {
            "rule": "Page format did not decide how many pictures a paper ran.",
            "basis": "record",
            "cites": [
              "claim:kcc:w2-imagery-1"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      "components": {
        "button": {
          "name": "Button",
          "becomes": "A classified box: a 2px ink rule round a condensed capital head, reversing to ink when pressed.",
          "anatomy": [
            "2px ink border",
            "head in the condensed sans, capitals",
            "optional one line of serif text"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "background": "#F2EEE3",
            "color": "#191813",
            "border": "2px solid #191813",
            "radius": "0"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Ink rule on newsprint.",
            "hover": "Reversed: newsprint type on an ink field (15.3:1).",
            "focus": "2px ink outline, 2px outside.",
            "active": "Reversed, the rule doubled.",
            "disabled": "Rule in the hairline colour, type in the grey."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "Ink on newsprint at 15.3:1 in both states.",
            "At least 44px tall."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Make a button a ruled box, like a classified advertisement.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:surface-8",
                "claim:intent"
              ],
              "because": "Hairline rules subdivide the crowded sheet into findable units; an action is one more unit."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Set its head in the condensed sans.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:typography-4"
              ],
              "because": "The pairing puts condensed sans on the furniture and serif on the text."
            }
          ]
        },
        "card": {
          "name": "Card",
          "becomes": "A story: kicker, condensed head, a justified column, closed by a hairline, with no box and no image required.",
          "anatomy": [
            "kicker in condensed capitals",
            "head in condensed capitals",
            "justified, hyphenated serif text",
            "hairline rule dividing it from its neighbour"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "rule": "1px solid #B9B2A0",
            "rule-top": "1px solid #191813",
            "padding": "0 12px 14px"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Divided from its neighbour by a hairline.",
            "hover": "Head underlined.",
            "focus": "2px ink outline."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "The head is the link.",
            "Justified text drops to ragged right below 640px so words are not stretched."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Divide stories with hairline rules on newsprint.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:surface-8"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Set text in narrow justified columns.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:layout-3"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Size a story by its column span, not by its type.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:hierarchy-13"
              ],
              "because": "Rank by column position and rule weight; the page has no room for scale."
            }
          ]
        },
        "input": {
          "name": "Input",
          "becomes": "A ruled line in a column: condensed capital label above, a single ink rule, the reply in the serif.",
          "anatomy": [
            "label in condensed capitals",
            "single 1px ink rule",
            "entry in the serif"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "border": "0 0 1px 0 solid #191813",
            "background": "transparent",
            "radius": "0",
            "height": "2.75rem"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "One ink rule.",
            "focus": "Rule to 2px and an outline.",
            "error": "Message in italic serif, beginning \"Error:\".",
            "disabled": "Rule in the hairline colour."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "Label is real text above the field.",
            "Error is words, not colour."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Draw the field as a column rule, not a box.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:surface-8",
                "claim:failure-8"
              ],
              "because": "Rules do the structural work on this page."
            },
            {
              "rule": "The sources do not specify newspaper forms.",
              "basis": "not_recorded",
              "cites": [],
              "guidance": "Keep the field a plain ruled line; do not dress it as a coupon.",
              "silence": "source"
            }
          ]
        },
        "navigation": {
          "name": "Navigation",
          "becomes": "The dateline strip under the masthead: section names in condensed capitals between two rules, the current one set bold.",
          "anatomy": [
            "1px rule above and below",
            "names in condensed capitals",
            "current section bold, never coloured"
          ],
          "tokens": {
            "rule": "1px solid #191813",
            "color": "#191813"
          },
          "states": {
            "default": "Condensed capitals in ink.",
            "hover": "Underline.",
            "focus": "2px ink outline.",
            "current": "Bold weight and a 2px underline. No colour."
          },
          "accessibility": [
            "aria-current on the current section.",
            "Each link at least 44px tall."
          ],
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Anchor the top of the page with a masthead.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "token_rule:layout-3",
                "claim:kcc:motif-1"
              ],
              "because": "The cited rule belongs to the Aesthetic's own medium; applying it to a screen component or motion is our translation."
            },
            {
              "rule": "Put navigation in the dateline strip under the masthead.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:motif-1",
                "token_rule:typography-4"
              ],
              "because": "The masthead is the banner name on the front page; the strip below it is newspaper furniture."
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "motion": {
        "spec": null,
        "rules": [
          {
            "rule": "Do not animate. Newsprint does not move.",
            "basis": "translation",
            "cites": [
              "claim:motion-reason"
            ],
            "because": "The record gives motion no place; state changes are instant."
          }
        ]
      },
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "key": "sheet",
          "label": "The sheet",
          "summary": "Broadsheet is a size before it is a look: the largest newspaper page, folded once.",
          "tokens": {
            "sheet-ratio": "tall"
          },
          "values": [
            {
              "rule": "Broadsheet is the largest newspaper page, long and vertical, about 57 cm tall.",
              "basis": "record",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:definition"
              ]
            },
            {
              "rule": "Fold the sheet vertically in half to make four pages; inside sheets nest inside one another.",
              "basis": "record",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:form-1"
              ]
            },
            {
              "rule": "Build the front tall: let it scroll as one sheet rather than break into screens.",
              "basis": "translation",
              "cites": [
                "claim:kcc:definition"
              ],
              "because": "The format is a long vertical page."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "notRecorded": [
        {
          "category": "color",
          "what": "A palette or accent",
          "why": "A single spot colour is not a broadsheet attribute; colour depends on the press. The red is the room's."
        },
        {
          "category": "typography",
          "what": "A broadsheet typeface",
          "why": "Typography is a declared freedom; the pairing is borrowed from Editorial Modernism."
        },
        {
          "category": "components",
          "what": "Interface conventions",
          "why": "The sources do not specify them. The four components are contemporary translations of documented rules."
        },
        {
          "category": "motion",
          "what": "Any position on screen motion",
          "why": "Newsprint does not move. Choosing none is this grammar's translation."
        }
      ],
      "silence": {
        "color": "source",
        "typography": "source",
        "gridLayout": "source",
        "shapeGeometry": "source",
        "imagery": "source",
        "components": "source",
        "motion": "source"
      },
      "uiNote": "The sources do not specify interface conventions for Broadsheet. These four are contemporary translations of its visual rules."
    }
  }
}